Building Institutions for Markets
Sumber: http://go.worldbank.org/1W8JOVUZJ0
Market reforms have had a mixed record at promoting growth, increasing productivity and alleviating poverty in developing countries across the world: from considerable success in some parts of East Asia, Latin America and Central Europe to disappointment in parts of Africa and the former Soviet Union.
This has led policymakers to ask:
1. Could market reforms do more to improve living standards if greater attention were devoted to developing institutions to support markets?
2. What are the institutions which make markets effective in delivering inclusive growth and how do countries get these institutions?
“Without effective institutions, poor people and poor countries are excluded from the benefits of markets, report offers principles for reform based on the experience of people around the world who are grappling with the challenge of building more effective institutions.”
— Nicholas Stern, Former Senior Vice President and
Chief Economist, The World Bank
The World Development Report 2002 “Building Institutions for Markets” addresses these questions. In particular, it discusses how it is that only countries with efficient and inclusive markets have seen significant income growth and poverty reduction.
A key factor in developing such markets is market-enhancing institutions, which perform three essential functions: reduce information asymmetries; reduce the costs of dispute resolution/contract enforcement and to enhance competition in markets.
Download laporannya pada: http://go.worldbank.org/90LT040IJ0. Download juga Background Papers dari WDR 2002 pada: http://go.worldbank.org/M85NQN10K0
Perlu analisis yang dalam untuk mengetahui penyebab-penyebabnya serta identifikasi rekomendasi pengembangannya.
Tetapi secara hipotetis ala common sense, bisa juga karena:
1. Jumlah pembelinya memang sedikit. Rasio pasar dengan jumlah penduduk sangat kecil; pasarnya banyak buanget tetapi pembelinya dikit.
Layu sebelum berkembang = Belum sampai tingkat jenuh, udah jenuh duluan. Skala usaha tiap pasar jadi kecil2.
Rekemendasi: Alih fungsi pasar-pasar yang berdekatan sesuai RTRW, ATAU tarik penduduk kab lain untuk menjadikan pasar induk kabupaten kita sebagai pusat belanja terbaik di era milenium
2. Barangkali juga masalah layanan perpasaran di pasar kabupaten lebih rendah. Mereka cenderung berbelanja di pasar-pasar terdekat. Toh layanan perpasarannya sama aja. Mengapa harus jauh-jauh.
Rekomendasi: Tingkatkan kualitas layanan perpasaran; tingkatkan sedemikian rupa sehingga menjadi “surga” belanja di era milenium
3. Tidak ada gula, jadinya semut pada nggak mau datang. Sepiiii masssss.
Rekomendasi: Layanan perpasaran di padu-padan dengan acara-acara hiburan rakyat. Supaya ramai dan orang-orang pada belanja. Lalu perhatikan effect multipliernya …. mangtrab bro !
4. …
Sori cuman tebak-tebakan karena tidak ada data. Begitukah?
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Catatan: ini diskusi di ICNIE.ORG
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