Determinants of Corruption in Developing Countries
Korupsi
Corruption is a limp in the walk of human progress. It is not a new phenomenon; it is as old as the history of mankind itself. According to the World Bank corruption is “the single greatest obstacle to economic and social development. It undermines development by distorting the role of law and weakening the institutional foundation on which economic growth depends.”
In this study Ghulam Shabbir and Mumtaz Anwar divided the determinants of corruption in two parts: economic and non-economic determinants. The economic determinants include economic freedom, international integration (globalisation), education level, level of development and income distribution.
In non-economic determinants, we include the socio-political and religious determinants in the form of democracy, press freedom and share of population having affiliation with particular religion. The results indicate that the contribution of economic factors is more conspicuous as compared to non-economic factors in reducing the level of corruption in developing countries.
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authors should add economic institutional factors as one factor to the emergence of the phenomenon of corruption in Indonesia. Institutional strong economic factors will complicate the entry of corruption and will automatically be prevented by existing systems. Unfortunately, this is still not wellknown, especially in developing countries.